Fragmenda

Scripture

Genesis 18–21

Genesis 18

Angels are entertained by Abraham. They foretell the birth of Isaac. Abraham’s prayer for the men of Sodom.

1 

And the Lord appeared to him in the vale of Mambre as he was sitting at the door of his tent, in the very heat of the day.

2 

And when he had lifted up his eyes, there appeared to him three men standing near to him: and as soon as he saw them, he ran to meet them from the door of his tent, and adored down to the ground.

3 

And he said: Lord, if I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away from thy servant.

4 

But I will fetch a little water, and wash ye your feet, and rest ye under the tree.

5 

And I will set a morsel of bread, and strengthen ye your heart, afterwards you shall pass on: for therefore are you come aside to your servant. And they said: Do as thou hast spoken.

6 

Abraham made haste into the tent to Sara, and said to her: Make haste, temper together three measures of flour, and make cakes upon the hearth.

7 

And he himself ran to the herd, and took from thence a calf, very tender and very good, and gave it to a young man, who made haste and boiled it.

8 

He took also butter and milk, and the calf which he had boiled, and set before them: but he stood by them under the tree.

9 

And when they had eaten, they said to him: Where is Sara thy wife? He answered: Lo she is in the tent.

10 

And he said to him: I will return and come to thee at this time, life accompanying, and Sara, thy wife, shall have a son. Which when Sara heard, she laughed behind the door of the tent.

11 

Now they were both old, and far advanced in years, and it had ceased to be with Sara after the manner of women.

12 

And she laughed secretly, saying: After I am grown old, and my lord is an old man, shall I give myself to pleasure?

13 

And the Lord said to Abraham: Why did Sara laugh, saying: Shall I, who am an old woman, bear a child indeed?

14 

Is there any thing hard to God? According to appointment I will return to thee at this same time, life accompanying, and Sara shall have a son.

15 

Sara denied, saying: I did not laugh: for she was afraid. But the Lord said: Nay; but thou didst laugh.

16 

And when the men rose up from thence, they turned their eyes towards Sodom: and Abraham walked with them, bringing them on the way.

17 

And the Lord said: Can I hide from Abraham what I am about to do:

18 

Seeing he shall become a great and mighty nation, and in him all the nations of the earth shall be blessed?

19 

For I know that he will command his children, and his household after him, to keep the way of the Lord, and do judgment and justice: that for Abraham’s sake, the Lord may bring to effect all the things he hath spoken unto him.

20 

And the Lord said: The cry of Sodom and Gomorrha is multiplied, and their sin is become exceedingly grievous.

21 

I will go down and see whether they have done according to the cry that is come to me; or whether it be not so, that I may know.

22 

And they turned themselves from thence, and went their way to Sodom: but Abraham as yet stood before the Lord.

23 

And drawing nigh, he said: Wilt thou destroy the just with the wicked?

24 

If there be fifty just men in the city, shall they perish withal? and wilt thou not spare that place for the sake of the fifty just, if they be therein?

25 

Far be it from thee to do this thing, and to slay the just with the wicked, and for the just to be in like case as the wicked; this is not beseeming thee: thou who judgest all the earth, wilt not make this judgment.

26 

And the Lord said to him: If I find in Sodom fifty just within the city, I will spare the whole place for their sake.

27 

And Abraham answered, and said: Seeing I have once begun, I will speak to my Lord, whereas I am dust and ashes.

28 

What if there be five less than fifty just persons? wilt thou for five and forty destroy the whole city: And he said: I will not destroy it, if I find five and forty.

29 

And again he said to him: But if forty be found there, what wilt thou do? He said: I will not destroy it for the sake of forty.

30 

Lord, saith he, be not angry, I beseech thee, if I speak: What if thirty shall be found there? He answered: I will not do it, if I find thirty there.

31 

Seeing, saith he, I have once begun, I will speak to my Lord: What if twenty be found there? He said: I will not destroy it for the sake of twenty.

32 

I beseech thee, saith he, be not angry, Lord, if I speak yet once more: What if ten shall be found there? And he said: I will not destroy it for the sake of ten.

33 

And the Lord departed, after he had left speaking to Abraham: and Abraham returned to his place.


Genesis 19

Lot, entertaining Angels in his house, is delivered from Sodom, which is destroyed: his wife for looking back is turned into a statue of salt.

1 

And the two angels came to Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gate of the city. And seeing them, he rose up and went to meet them: and worshipped prostrate to the ground.

2 

And said: I beseech you, my lords, turn in to the house of your servant, and lodge there: wash your feet, and in the morning you shall go on your way. And they said: No, but we will abide in the street.

3 

He pressed them very much to turn in unto him: and when they were come into his house, he made them a feast, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate:

4 

But before they went to bed, the men of the city beset the house, both young and old, all the people together.

5 

And they called Lot, and said to him: Where are the men that came in to thee at night? bring them out hither, that we may know them:

6 

Lot went out to them, and shut the door after him, and said:

7 

Do not so, I beseech you, my brethren, do not commit this evil.

8 

I have two daughters who, as yet, have not known man; I will bring them out to you, and abuse you them as it shall please you, so that you do no evil to these men, because they are come in under the shadow of my roof.

9 

But they said: Get thee back thither. And again: Thou camest in, said they, as a stranger, was it to be a judge? therefore we will afflict thee more than them. And they pressed very violently upon Lot: and they were even at the point of breaking open the doors.

10 

And behold the men put out their hand, and drew in Lot unto them, and shut the door.

11 

And them, that were without, they struck with blindness from the least to the greatest, so that they could not find the door.

12 

And they said to Lot: Hast thou here any of thine? son in law, or sons, or daughters, all that are thine bring them out of this city:

13 

For we will destroy this place, because their cry is grown loud before the Lord, who hath sent us to destroy them.

14 

So Lot went out, and spoke to his sons in law that were to have his daughters, and said: Arise: get you out of this place, because the Lord will destroy this city. And he seemed to them to speak as it were in jest.

15 

And when it was morning, the angels pressed him, saying: Arise, take thy wife, and the two daughters that thou hast: lest thou also perish in the wickedness of the city.

16 

And as he lingered, they took his hand, and the hand of his wife, and of his two daughters, because the Lord spared him.

17 

And they brought him forth, and set him without the city: and there they spoke to him, saying: Save thy life: look not back, neither stay thou in all the country about: but save thy self in the mountain, lest thou be also consumed.

18 

And Lot said to them: I beseech thee, my Lord,

19 

Because thy servant hath found grace before thee, and thou hast magnified thy mercy, which thou hast shewn to me, in saving my life, and I cannot escape to the mountain, lest some evil seize me, and I die.

20 

There is this city here at hand, to which I may flee, it is a little one, and I shall be saved in it: is it not a little one, and my soul shall live?

21 

And he said to him: Behold also in this, I have heard thy prayers, not to destroy the city for which thou hast spoken.

22 

Make haste, and be saved there: because I cannot do any thing till thou go in thither. Therefore the name of that city was called Segor.

23 

The sun was risen upon the earth, and Lot entered into Segor.

24 

And the Lord rained upon Sodom and Gomorrha brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven.

25 

And he destroyed these cities, and all the country about, all the inhabitants of the cities, and all things that spring from the earth.

26 

And his wife looking behind her, was turned into a statue of salt.

27 

And Abraham got up early in the morning, and in the place where he had stood before with the Lord:

28 

He looked towards Sodom and Gomorrha, and the whole land of that country: and he saw the ashes rise up from the earth as the smoke of a furnace.

29 

Now when God destroyed the cities of that country, remembering Abraham, he delivered Lot out of the destruction of the cities wherein he had dwelt.

30 

And Lot went up out of Segor, and abode in the mountain, and his two daughters with him (for he was afraid to stay in Segor) and he dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters with him.

31 

And the elder said to the younger: Our father is old, and there is no man left on the earth, to come in unto us after the manner of the whole earth.

32 

Come, let us make him drunk with wine, and let us lie with him, that we may preserve seed of our father.

33 

And they made their father drink wine that night: and the elder went in, and lay with her father: but he perceived not, neither when his daughter lay down, nor when she rose up.

34 

And the next day the elder said to the younger: Behold I lay last night with my father, let us make him drink wine also to night, and thou shalt lie with him, that we may save seed of our father.

35 

They made their father drink wine that night also, and the younger daughter went in, and lay with him: and neither then did he perceive when she lay down, nor when she rose up.

36 

So the two daughters of Lot were with child by their father.

37 

And the elder bore a son, and she called his name Moab: he is the father of the Moabites unto this day.

38 

The younger also bore a son, and she called his name Ammon; that is, the son of my people: he is the father of the Ammonites unto this day.


Genesis 20

Abraham sojourned in Gerara: Sara is taken into king Abimelech’s house, but by God’s commandment is restored untouched.

1 

Abraham removed from thence to the south country, and dwelt between Cades and Sur, and sojourned in Gerara.

2 

And he said of Sara his wife: She is my sister. So Abimelech the king of Gerara sent, and took her.

3 

And God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and he said to him: Lo thou shalt die for the woman that thou hast taken: for she hath a husband.

4 

Now Abimelech had not touched her, and he said: Lord, wilt thou slay a nation that is ignorant and just?

5 

Did not he say to me: She is my sister: and she say, He is my brother? in the simplicity of my heart, and cleanness of my hands have I done this.

6 

And God said to him: And I know that thou didst it with a sincere heart: and therefore I withheld thee from sinning against me, and I suffered thee not to touch her.

7 

Now therefore restore the man his wife, for he is a prophet: and he shall pray for thee, and thou shalt live: but if thou wilt not restore her, know that thou shalt surely die, thou and all that are thine.

8 

And Abimelech forthwith rising up in the night, called all his servants: and spoke all these words in their hearing, and all the men were exceedingly afraid.

9 

And Abimelech called also for Abraham, and said to him: What hast thou done to us? what have we offended thee in, that thou hast brought upon me and upon my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done to us what thou oughtest not to do.

10 

And again he expostulated with him, and said: What sawest thou, that thou hast done this?

11 

Abraham answered: I thought with myself, saying: Perhaps there is not the fear of God in this place: and they will kill me for the sake of my wife:

12 

Howbeit, otherwise also she is truly my sister, the daughter of my father, and not the daughter of my mother, and I took her to wife.

13 

And after God brought me out of my father’s house, I said to her: Thou shalt do me this kindness: In every place, to which we shall come, thou shalt say that I am thy brother.

14 

And Abimelech took sheep and oxen, and servants and handmaids, and gave to Abraham: and restored to him Sara his wife,

15 

And said: The land is before you, dwell wheresoever it shall please thee.

16 

And to Sara he said: Behold I have given thy brother a thousand pieces of silver, this shall serve thee for a covering of thy eyes to all that are with thee, and whithersoever thou shalt go: and remember thou wast taken.

17 

And when Abraham prayed, God healed Abimelech and his wife, and his handmaids, and they bore children:

18 

For the Lord had closed up every womb of the house of Abimelech, on account of Sara, Abraham’s wife.


Genesis 21

Isaac is born. Agar and Ismael are cast forth.

1 

And the Lord visited Sara, as he had promised: and fulfilled what he had spoken.

2 

And she conceived and bore a son in her old age, at the time that God had foretold her.

3 

And Abraham called the name of his son, whom Sara bore him, Isaac.

4 

And he circumcised him the eighth day, as God had commanded him,

5 

When he was a hundred years old: for at this age of his father, was Isaac born.

6 

And Sara said: God hath made a laughter for me: whosoever shall hear of it will laugh with me.

7 

And again she said: Who would believe that Abraham should hear that Sara gave suck to a son, whom she bore to him in his old age?

8 

And the child grew, and was weaned: and Abraham made a great feast on the day of his weaning.

9 

And when Sara had seen the son of Agar, the Egyptian, playing with Isaac, her son, she said to Abraham:

10 

Cast out this bondwoman and her son; for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with my son Isaac.

11 

Abraham took this grievously for his son.

12 

And God said to him: Let it not seem grievous to thee for the boy, and for thy bondwoman: in all that Sara hath said to thee, hearken to her voice: for in Isaac shall thy seed be called.

13 

But I will make the son also of the bondwoman a great nation, because he is thy seed.

14 

So Abraham rose up in the morning, and taking bread and a bottle of water, put it upon her shoulder, and delivered the boy, and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Bersabee.

15 

And when the water in the bottle was spent, she cast the boy under one of the trees that were there.

16 

And she went her way, and sat over against him a great way off, as far as a bow can carry, for she said: I will not see the boy die: and sitting over against, she lifted up her voice and wept.

17 

And God heard the voice of the boy: and an angel of God called to Agar from heaven, saying: What art thou doing, Agar? fear not; for God hath heard the voice of the boy, from the place wherein he is.

18 

Arise, take up the boy, and hold him by the hand, for I will make him a great nation.

19 

And God opened her eyes: and she saw a well of water, and went and filled the bottle, and gave the boy to drink.

20 

And God was with him: and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became a young man, an archer.

21 

And he dwelt in the wilderness of Pharan, and his mother took a wife for him out of the land of Egypt.

22 

At the same time Abimelech, and Phicol the general of his army, said to Abraham: God is with thee in all that thou dost.

23 

Swear therefore by God, that thou wilt not hurt me, nor my posterity, nor my stock: but according to the kindness that I have done to thee, thou shalt do to me, and to the land wherein thou hast lived a stranger.

24 

And Abraham said: I will swear.

25 

And he reproved Abimelech for a well of water, which his servants had taken away by force.

26 

And Abimelech answered: I knew not who did this thing: and thou didst not tell me, and I heard not of it till today.

27 

Then Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them to Abimelech: and both of them made a league.

28 

And Abraham set apart seven ewelambs of the flock.

29 

And Abimelech said to him: What mean these seven ewelambs which thou hast set apart?

30 

But he said: Thou shalt take seven ewelambs at my hand: that they may be a testimony for me, that I dug this well.

31 

Therefore that place was called Bersabee; because there both of them did swear.

32 

And they made a league for the well of oath.

33 

And Abimelech and Phicol, the general of his army, arose and returned to the land of the Palestines. But Abraham planted a grove in Bersabee, and there called upon the name of the Lord God eternal.

34 

And he was a sojourner in the land of the Palestines many days.

Catechism

Catechism of St Pius X, The Precepts of the Church, Lesson 1, Questions 19-29

19 Q. Who are bound to fast?

A. Every Christian over twenty-one years of age who is not dispensed, or excused for some good reason, is bound to fast.

20 Q. Are those who are not bound to fast, exempt from all mortification?

A. Those who are not bound by the obligation of fasting are not exempt from all mortification, because all are bound to do penance.

21 Q. For what purpose has Lent been instituted?

A. Lent has been instituted to imitate in some way the rigorous fast of forty days undergone by Jesus Christ in the desert, and to prepare us by penitential exercises to celebrate the feast of Easter devoutly.

22 Q. Why has the Advent fast been instituted?

A. The Advent fast has been instituted to prepare us to celebrate devoutly the Feast of our Lord's Nativity.

23 Q. Why has the fast of Ember Days been instituted?

A. The fast of Ember Days has been instituted: (1) To consecrate each of the Four Seasons of the year by some days' penance; (2) To beg of God the preservation of the fruits of the earth; (3) To thank Him for those already given us; (4) And to beseech Him to give good priests to His Church, the usual days for ordaining priests being the Ember Saturdays.

24 Q. Why has fasting on Vigils been instituted?

A. Fasting on Vigils has been instituted to prepare us to celebrate the principal Feasts devoutly.

25 Q. What is forbidden on Fridays, and also on Saturdays where not dispensed?

A. On Fridays, and also on Saturdays where not dispensed, it is forbidden to eat meat, except in case of necessity.

26 Q. Why does the Church wish us to abstain from eating meat on these days?

A. In order that we may do penance each week, and especially on Friday, in honour of the Passion, and on Saturdays in memory of the burial of Jesus Christ, and in honour of the Blessed Virgin.

The Third Precept of the Church

A note from this edition, not from St Pius X

[From the Code of Canon Law of 1917, with the modifications approved in 1949, (complete) abstinence only is to be observed on all the Fridays throughout the year. Fast and (complete) abstinence is to be observed on Ash Wednesday, the Fridays of Lent, Ember Fridays, the Vigils of the Assumption and Christmas, and Holy Saturday. Fast only (and partial abstinence) is to be observed on: all weekdays of Lent, Ember Wednesdays and Saturdays, and the Vigils of Pentecost and All Saints. On the days of fast, only one full meal is allowed. Two other meatless snacks, sufficient to maintain strength may be taken according to each one's needs, but together they should not equal another full meal. Meat may be taken at the principal meal on a day of fast except on the days of complete abstinence. Eating between meals is forbidden, but liquids including milk and fruit juices are allowed. On holydays of obligation, except in Lent, there is neither fast nor abstinence. The laws of abstinence binds all who have completed their seventh year of age; the law of fasting binds all persons from the completion of their twenty first year until the beginning of their sixtieth. (The completion of the seventh year means the day after the seventh birthday). According to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, "All Fridays through the year and the time of Lent are penitential days and times throughout the universal Church. Abstinence from eating meat . . . is to be observed on Fridays throughout the year unless they are solemnities; abstinence and fast are to be observed on Ash Wednesday and (Good) Friday. All adults who have completed their fourteenth year are bound by the law of abstinence; all adults (from age 18) are bound by the law of fast up to the beginning of their sixtieth year." The Episcopal Conference can modify these general rules. In the United States, "Catholics are obliged to abstain from the eating of meat on Ash Wednesday and all Fridays during the season of Lent. They are also obliged to fast on Ash Wednesday and on Good Friday. Self-imposed observances of fasting on all weekdays of Lent is strongly recommended. Abstinence from flesh meat on all Fridays of the year is especially recommended to individuals and to the Catholic community as a whole." In Australia, "Abstinence from meat, and fasting, are to be observed on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday. On all other Fridays of the year the law of the common practice of penance is fulfilled by performing any of the following: (a) prayer, as for example Mass attendance, family prayer, . . . (b) self-denial, e.g. not eating meat, not eating sweets or dessert, . . (c) helping others, e.g. special attention to someone who is poor, sick, elderly, . . ." Since a clarity and precision in a law helps for its fulfilment, the faithful are strongly recommended to follow the traditional rules, though only the recent regulations oblige under pain of mortal sin.]

27 Q. What does the Church command us in the words of the Third Precept: To go to Confession at least once a year?

A. By the words of the Third Precept: To go to Confession a least once a year, the Church obliges all Christians, who have come to the use of reason, to approach the sacrament of Penance at least once a year.

28 Q. What is the best time to satisfy the precept of annual Confession?

A. The best time to satisfy the precept of annual Confession is Lent, in accordance with the usage introduced and approved by the whole Church.

29 Q. Why does the Church say that we are to confess at least once a year?

A. The Church uses the words at least to let us see her desire that we should approach the sacraments more frequently.